Conocimiento de estudiantes de salud sobre alimentación saludable y factores asociados al entorno universitario / Health students' knowledge about healthy eating and factors associated with the university environment

Objetivo. Evaluar los conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable (AS) de los estudiantes del área de la salud y los factores asociados al entorno universitario. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal con 512 estudiantes universitarios (≥ 18 años) matriculados en nueve carreras de grado en salud. Se llevó a cabo de abril a noviembre de 2017. Se aplicaron el Instrumento Evaluativo de la promoción de la salud en la universidad y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Además, se midió el peso, talla y perímetro abdominal. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados utilizando SPSS versión 23.0. Resultados. Se encontró que la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios de las nueve carreras de salud tenían conocimientos insuficientes sobre alimentación saludable (71,9%; n=368). Sin embargo, la mayor proporción de estudiantes con conocimientos suficientes se encontraron en el área de nutrición (15,3%; n=22), seguidos de aquellos del área de educación física (12,5%; n=18). El menor porcentaje de estudiantes con conocimientos suficientes se encontró en la carrera de medicina (8,3%; n=12). En el análisis multivariado se evidenció que el conocimiento suficiente sobre alimentación saludable estaba relacionado con la participación en actividades de alimentación saludable (p=0,012; RP=1,94), participación en actividades que aborden la autoestima y el autoconocimiento (p=0,046; RP=0,59) y con tener exceso de peso (p=0,036; RP=1,53). Conclusión. Se evidenció un bajo porcentaje de estudiantes de salud con conocimientos suficientes sobre alimentación saludable. Sin embargo, la participación en actividades de alimentación saludable, autoestima y autoconocimiento en la universidad logró mejorar el nivel de conocimiento. Se recomienda el desarrollo de proyectos universitarios que abarquen la tríada psicológica, alimentaria y corporal, involucrando así todas las carreras de salud, con el objetivo de mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los universitarios.

Objective. To assess the healthy eating (HE) knowledge of health students and the factors associated with the university environment. Materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional study of 512 university students (≥ 18 years) enrolled in nine undergraduate health careers. It was conducted from April to November 2017. The Instrument for Assessment of Health Promotion in Universities and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. In addition, we measured weight, height and waist circumference. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out with SPSS version 23.0. Results. We found that most university students from the nine health careers had insufficient knowledge about healthy eating (71.9%; n=368). However, the highest proportion of students with sufficient knowledge was found in the career of nutrition (15.3%; n=22), followed by those in the physical education career (12.5%; n=18). The lowest percentage of students with sufficient knowledge was found in the career of medicine (8.3%; n=12). Multivariate analysis showed that sufficient knowledge about healthy eating was related to participation in healthy eating activities (p=0.012; PR=1.94), participation in activities addressing self-esteem and self-knowledge (p=0.046; PR=0.59) and being overweight (p=0.036; PR=1.53). Conclusion. A low percentage of health students had sufficient knowledge about healthy eating. However, participation in healthy eating, self-esteem and self-knowledge activities at the university managed to improve the level of knowledge. We recommend the development of university projects that include the psychological, food and body triad, thus involving all health careers, with the aim of improving the health and quality of life of university students.

Health students' knowledge about healthy eating and factors associated with the university environment. / Conocimiento de estudiantes de salud sobre alimentación saludable y factores asociados al entorno universitario.

OBJECTIVE.: Motivation for the study: it is important to assess the level of knowledge about healthy eating in university students as this allows raising awareness about the practice and maintenance of healthy eating habits. Main findings: most university students from the nine health careers had insufficient knowledge about healthy eating. The highest proportion of students with sufficient knowledge were found in the career of nutrition. Implications: there is a need for projects at the university level that encompass the triad of psychology, food, and body; which would improve healthy eating habits in university students. To assess the healthy eating (HE) knowledge of health students and the factors associated with the university environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: This was a cross-sectional study of 512 university students (≥ 18 years) enrolled in nine undergraduate health careers. It was conducted from April to November 2017. The Instrument for Assessment of Health Promotion in Universities and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. In addition, we measured weight, height and waist circumference. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out with SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS.: We found that most university students from the nine health careers had insufficient knowledge about healthy eating (71.9%; n=368). However, the highest proportion of students with sufficient knowledge was found in the career of nutrition (15.3%; n=22), followed by those in the physical education career (12.5%; n=18). The lowest percentage of students with sufficient knowledge was found in the career of medicine (8.3%; n=12). Multivariate analysis showed that sufficient knowledge about healthy eating was related to participation in healthy eating activities (p=0.012; PR=1.94), participation in activities addressing self-esteem and self-knowledge (p=0.046; PR=0.59) and being overweight (p=0.036; PR=1.53). CONCLUSION.: A low percentage of health students had sufficient knowledge about healthy eating. However, participation in healthy eating, self-esteem and self-knowledge activities at the university managed to improve the level of knowledge. We recommend the development of university projects that include the psychological, food and body triad, thus involving all health careers, with the aim of improving the health and quality of life of university students.

OBJETIVO.: Motivación para realizar el estudio: Es importante evaluar el nivel de conocimientos acerca de alimentación saludable en estudiantes universitarios ya que esto permite sensibilizar sobre la práctica y mantenimiento de hábitos alimentarios saludables. Principales hallazgos: La mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios de las nueve carreras de salud tenían conocimientos insuficientes sobre alimentación saludable. La mayor proporción de estudiantes con conocimientos suficientes se encontraron en el área de nutrición. Implicancias: Es necesario promover proyectos en el ámbito universitario que abarquen la tríada de psicología, alimentación y cuerpo; lo cual mejoraría los hábitos alimentarios saludables en estudiantes universitarios. Evaluar los conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable (AS) de los estudiantes del área de la salud y los factores asociados al entorno universitario. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se trata de un estudio transversal con 512 estudiantes universitarios (≥ 18 años) matriculados en nueve carreras de grado en salud. Se llevó a cabo de abril a noviembre de 2017. Se aplicaron el Instrumento Evaluativo de la promoción de la salud en la universidad y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Además, se midió el peso, talla y perímetro abdominal. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados utilizando SPSS versión 23.0. RESULTADOS.: Se encontró que la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios de las nueve carreras de salud tenían conocimientos insuficientes sobre alimentación saludable (71,9%; n=368). Sin embargo, la mayor proporción de estudiantes con conocimientos suficientes se encontraron en el área de nutrición (15,3%; n=22), seguidos de aquellos del área de educación física (12,5%; n=18). El menor porcentaje de estudiantes con conocimientos suficientes se encontró en la carrera de medicina (8,3%; n=12). En el análisis multivariado se evidenció que el conocimiento suficiente sobre alimentación saludable estaba relacionado con la participación en actividades de alimentación saludable (p=0,012; RP=1,94), participación en actividades que aborden la autoestima y el autoconocimiento (p=0,046; RP=0,59) y con tener exceso de peso (p=0,036; RP=1,53). CONCLUSIÓN.: Se evidenció un bajo porcentaje de estudiantes de salud con conocimientos suficientes sobre alimentación saludable. Sin embargo, la participación en actividades de alimentación saludable, autoestima y autoconocimiento en la universidad logró mejorar el nivel de conocimiento. Se recomienda el desarrollo de proyectos universitarios que abarquen la tríada psicológica, alimentaria y corporal, involucrando así todas las carreras de salud, con el objetivo de mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los universitarios.

Risk of hospitalization for Covid-19 outpatients treated with various drug regimens in Brazil: Comparative analysis.

BACKGROUND: For the past few months, HMOs have faced crowded emergency rooms and insufficient hospital and intensive-care-unit beds, all from the worst pandemic of this century, COVID-19. METHODS: In a large HMO in Brazil, our approach was to allow treating physicians to prescribe antiviral medications immediately at presentation, and prednisone starting on day-6 of symptoms to treat pulmonary inflammation. We implemented this COVID-19 protocol for outpatients and studied 717 consecutive SARS-CoV-2-positive patients age 40 years or older presenting at our emergency rooms. RESULTS: Use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), prednisone or both significantly reduced hospitalization risk by 50-60%. Ivermectin, azithromycin and oseltamivir did not substantially reduce risk further. Hospitalization risk was doubled for people with type-2 diabetes or obesity, increased by two-thirds for people with heart disease, and by 75% for each decade of age over age 40. Similar magnitudes of reduced risk with HCQ and prednisone use were seen for mortality risk, though were not significant because of only 11 deaths among the 717 patients. No cardiac arrhythmias requiring medication termination were observed for any of the medications. CONCLUSIONS: This work adds to the growing literature of studies that have found substantial benefit for use of HCQ combined with other agents in the early outpatient treatment of COVID-19, and adds the possibility of steroid use to enhance treatment efficacy.

Sentimento de angústia e isolamento social de universitários da área da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Feeling of anguish and social isolation among undergraduate healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic / Sentimiento de angustia e aislamiento social de universitarios del área de la salud durante la pandemia de la COVID-19

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência do sentimento de angústia autorreferido e seus fatores relacionados, bem como a adesão ao isolamento social de universitários da área da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, desenvolvido em uma universidade privada e filantrópica, localizada no município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, com coleta de dados em junho 2020. Participaram 541 universitários (≥ 18 anos) da área da saúde, que responderam um formulário eletrônico para coletar as variáveis demográficas relacionadas à pandemia da COVID-19, sentimentos de angústia e preocupação. Realizaram-se análises bivariada e multivariada para avaliar as relações com o desfecho sentimento de angústia. Resultados: Do total dos universitários, 89,5% (n=489) disseram estar angustiados, 90,4% (n=489) eram favoráveis ao isolamento social e 93,5% (n=503) aderiram ao isolamento social como combate à COVID 19. Na análise multivariada, o sentimento de angústia relatado pelos universitários apresentou relação com a preocupação com o mundo (OR=4,099; p=0,000). Conclusão: O sentimento de angústia apresentado pelos universitários esteve relacionado ao sentimento de preocupação com o mundo e a serem predominantemente favoráveis ao isolamento social, e, por isso, aderiram a essa medida de enfrentamento do novo coronavírus.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of self-reported anguish and related factors, as well as adherence to social isolation among undergraduate healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a private and philanthropic university located in the municipality of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with data collected in June 2020. Participants were 541 undergraduate healthcare students (≥ 18 years old) who completed an electronic form that collected demographic data relating to the COVID-19 pandemic and feelings of anguish and concern. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess any correlations with the outcome 'feeling of anguish'. Results: Of all the university students, 89.5% (n=489) reported feeling anguished, 90.4% (n=489) were in favor of social isolation and 93.5% (n=503) adhered to social isolation to fight COVID-19. In the multivariate analysis, the feeling of anguish reported by the university students was correlated with concern with the world (OR=4.099; p=0.000). Conclusion: The feeling of anguish reported by the university students was correlated with concern with the world and with being predominantly in favor of social isolation, and hence they adhered to this measure for fighting the new coronavirus.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia del sentimiento de angustia auto referido y sus factores relacionados así como la adhesión al aislamiento social de universitarios del área de la salud durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal desarrollado en una universidad privada y filantrópica localizada en el municipio de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil con la recogida de datos en junio de 2020. Participaron 541 universitarios (≥ 18 años) del área de la salud que han contestado un formulario electrónico para recoger datos de las variables demográficas relacionadas con la pandemia de la COVID-19, los sentimientos de angustia y la preocupación. Se realizó los análisis bivariado y multivariado para evaluar las relaciones con el desenlace sentimiento de angustia. Resultados: Del total de los universitarios, el 89,5% (n=489) relataron estar angustiados, el 90,4% (n=489) estaban de acuerdo al aislamiento social y el 93,5% (n=503) adhirieron al aislamiento social para combatir la COVID 19. En el análisis multivariado, el sentimiento de angustia relatado por los universitarios presentó relación con la preocupación con el mundo (OR=4,099; p=0,000). Conclusión: El sentimiento de angustia presentado por los universitarios se relacionó con el sentimiento de preocupación con el mundo y ellos estaban favorables al aislamiento social y, por ello, adhirieron a esa medida de afrontamiento contra el nuevo coronavirus.

Academic education in health profession programs, knowledge and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by university students.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association of academic education in health professions programs with the knowledge and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by university students and to determine whether CAM can promote a healthy university environment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 512 university students enrolled in health professions programs in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, from April to November 2017. The Assessment Tool for Health Promotion at the University was used to collect sociodemographic, academic and CAM data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed considering the outcomes "knowledge of CAM" and "CAM in the promotion of a healthy university environment" using SPSS Statistic version 20.0. RESULTS: Data from 512 participants were analyzed. Women (n = 357; 69.7%), young students (n = 393; 76.8%) and unemployed students (n = 429; 83.8%) predominated. Knowledge of CAM was associated with health profession program (OR = 0.934; p = 0.047), paternal education (OR = 0.641; p = 0.024), employment (OR = 0.542; p = 0.028) and participation in extracurricular activities (OR = 1.275; p = 0.007). There was a proportional difference between knowledge and use of CAM ranging from 2:1 to 11:1 among the 21 modalities. University students believed that CAM could promote a healthy university environment (p = 0.000), which was influenced by gender (OR = 2.089; p = 0.004) and knowledge of CAM (OR = 16.601; p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: University students' knowledge of CAM was influenced by the health profession program, paternal education, employment and participation in extracurricular activities. The percentage of use of CAM modalities was lower than the percentage of knowledge. University students' belief that CAM could foster a healthy university environment is influenced by gender and knowledge of CAM.

A violência no ambiente universitário / Violence in the university environment / La violencia en el ambiente de la universidad

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a visão do estudante sobre a situação de violência no ambiente universitário e os possíveis fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e analítico em uma instituição de ensino superior privada do município de Fortaleza, Ceará, realizado entre abril a novembro de 2017. Participaram 512 estudantes dos cursos do Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação da Promoção da Saúde na Universidade (IAPSU) para coletar as variáveis sociodemográficas, acadêmicas e a situação de violência. As associações foram testadas pelo Teste do qui-quadrado, por meio do programa SPSS versão 20.0 RESULTADOS: Os estudantes dos cursos da área da saúde apresentaram-se com idade ≤ 24 anos (n=393; 76,8%), sexo feminino (n=357; 69,7%), raça branca (n=261; 51,0%) e católicos (n=332; 64,8%). Uma proporção de 68,4% (n=350) participa em atividades promovidas pela universidade e 56,4% (n=289) em atividades extracurriculares. A situação de violência no ambiente universitário foi apontada por 30,9% (n=158), sendo do tipo psicológica (n=132; 84,1%) e praticada pelos próprios estudantes (n=115; 72,8%). Na análise multivariada foi verificada associação significativa da situação de violência na universidade com o último ano (OR=2,315; p=0,004) e com o tratamento entre os universitários (OR=0,476; p=0,048). CONCLUSÃO: A situação de violência do tipo psicológica está presente no ambiente universitário estudado, é perpetrada pelos próprios estudantes, estando associada ao último ano do curso de graduação na área da saúde e ao tratamento entre os estudantes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the student's opinion about violence in the university environment and potential associated factors. METHODS: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at a private higher education institution in the municipality of Fortaleza, Ceará, between April and November 2017. Participants were 512 students enrolled in schools of the Health Sciences Center. The Assessment Tool for Health Promotion at the University (Instrumento de Avaliação da Promoção da Saúde na Universidade ­ IAPSU) was used to collect sociodemographic, academic and violence data. Associations were tested by the chi-squared test in SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: Students enrolled in health schools were aged ≤ 24 years (n=393; 76.8%), women (n=357; 69.7%), White (n=261; 51.0%) and Catholic (n=332; 64.8%). A total of 68.4% (n=350) of the students participated in activities promoted by the university and 56.4% (n=289) participated in extracurricular activities. Violence in the university environment was reported by 30.9% (n=158) of the participants, particularly psychological violence (n=132; 84.1%) and violence perpetrated by the students themselves (n=115; 72.8%). In the multivariate analysis, violence in the university was significantly associated with the last year (OR=2,315; p=0.004) and relationship between university students (OR=0.476; p=0.048). CONCLUSION: Psychological violence is present in the university environment and is perpetrated by the students themselves. It is associated with the last year of undergraduate health school and relationship between students.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la opinión del estudiante sobre la situación de violencia en el ambiente universitario y los posibles factores asociados. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y analítico realizado en una institución de educación superior privada del municipio de Fortaleza, Ceará entre abril y noviembre de 2017. Participaron 512 estudiantes de los cursos del Centro de Ciencias de la Salud. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Evaluación de la Promoción de la Salud en la Universidad (IEPSU) para recoger datos de las variables sociodemográficas, académicas y de situación de violencia. Se aplicó la prueba Chi-cuadrado para las asociaciones a través del programa SPSS versión 20.0 RESULTADOS: Los estudiantes de los cursos del área de la salud tenían edad ≤ 24 años (n=393; 76,8%), eran del sexo femenino (n=357; 69,7%), de la raza blanca (n=261; 51,0%) y católicos (n=332; 64,8%). Una proporción del 68,4% (n=350) participa de actividades promovidas por la universidad y el 56,4% (n=289) de actividades extracurriculares. La situación de violencia en el ambiente de la universidad ha sido apuntada por el 30,9% (n=158) como tipo psicológica (n=132; 84,1%) y practicada por los propios estudiantes (n=115; 72,8%). En el análisis multivariado ha sido identificada una asociación significativa de situación de violencia en la universidad con el último año (OR=2,315; p=0,004) y con el trato entre los universitarios (OR=0,476; p=0,048). CONCLUSIÓN: La situación de violencia del tipo psicológica está presente en el ambiente universitario estudiado, es realizada por los propios estudiantes y está asociada con el último año del curso de graduación del área de la salud y al trato entre los estudiantes.

(-)-α-Bisabolol reduces orofacial nociceptive behavior in rodents.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the anti-nociceptive effect of oral and topical administration of (-)-α-bisabolol (BISA) in rodent models of formalin- or cinnamaldehyde-induced orofacial pain and to explore the inhibitory mechanisms involved. Orofacial pain was induced by injecting 1.5% formalin into the upper lip of mice (20 µL) or into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats (50 µL). In another experiment, orofacial pain was induced with cinnamaldehyde (13.2 µg/lip). Nociceptive behavior was proxied by time (s) spent rubbing the injected area and by the incidence of head flinching. BISA (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg p.o. or 50, 100, or 200 mg/mL topical) or vehicle was administered 60 min before pain induction. The two formulations (lotion and syrup) were compared with regard to efficacy. The effect of BISA remained after incorporation into the formulations, and nociceptive behavior decreased significantly in all tests. The high binding affinity observed for BISA and TRPA1 in the molecular docking study was supported by in vivo experiments in which HC-030031 (a TRPA1 receptor antagonist) attenuated pain in a manner qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of BISA. Blockers of opioid receptors, NO synthesis, and K+ ATP channels did not affect orofacial pain, nor inhibit the effect of BISA. In conclusion, BISA had a significant anti-nociceptive effect on orofacial pain. The effect may in part be due to TRPA1 antagonism. The fact that the effect of BISA remained after incorporation into oral and topical formulations suggests that the compound may be a useful adjuvant in the treatment of orofacial pain.

Cultura de integridade em pesquisa: somos agentes promotores / Culture of research integrity: we are promoters

A Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde (Brazilian Journal in Health Promotion), movida pela necessidade de uma cultura que estimule a integridade em pesquisa, quer enfatizar sua preocupação, não apenas com o conteúdo de suas publicações, mas também com os aspectos éticos que envolvem a submissão e a publicação dos manuscritos. Com isso, pretende levantar a discussão sobre boas práticas em pesquisa científica, ressaltando a importância de que este reforço ocorra desde os primeiros estágios da carreira dos pesquisadores.As más condutas éticas ocorrem em virtude das exigências crescente de produção intelectual e consequentemente as pressões sobre os pesquisadores vinculados aos programas de pós-graduação que utilizam os indicadores, principalmente, internacionais(1). A proliferação destas condutas antiéticas também é influenciada pelo ?sistema de recompensas? existente, no qual o pesquisador é avaliado pela sua produtividade.O primeiro evento mundial sobre a integridade em pesquisa ocorreu em 2007 na cidade de Lisboa(2) e buscou sensibilizar a comunidade científica e editores para a importância de promover a conduta responsável na pesquisa. Em 2010, houve a segunda conferência mundial em Singapura(3). Desta conferência emergiu a ?Declaração de Singapura sobre integridade em pesquisa? trazendo como princípios de integridade: a honestidade, a responsabilidade, o respeito e imparcialidade profissionais e a boa gestão da pesquisa(3). Em 2013, a terceira edição ocorreu em Montreal e teve como grande linha temática as investigações que cruzam as fronteiras e as parcerias internacionais(4).A exemplo destes movimentos internacionais, o Brasil também se mobilizou.Entretanto, esta preocupação é recente e tomou corpo após séries de publicações a respeito desta temática elaborado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)(5) e pela publicação do Relatório da Comissão de Integridade de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)(6).Paralelo a estas publicações, dois importantes eventos ocorreram nos anos de 2011 e 2012 no Brasil que abordaram ações para promoção da integridade científica norteando pesquisadores e instituições brasileiras, o I e II Brispe (Brazilian Meeting on Research Integrity, Science and Publication Ethics)(7). Neste ano de 2015, o Brasil sediará a ?4ª Conferência Anual para Integridade da Pesquisa? (4th World Conference on Research Integrity) no Rio de Janeiro, que irá explorar a ?excelência da investigação científica em seus diferentes sistemas?(8).Somado a estes movimentos nacionais, destacamos a importância de que os periódicos científicos discutam suas políticas editoriais com a comunidade científica para exercermos o papel de educador das boas práticas em pesquisa e prevenir as más condutas, como plágio, autoplágio, fraude, autoria indevida, entre outros.Dentre estes, o plágio vem ganhando destaque no cenário internacional em virtude do crescente número de relatos deste tipo de má conduta. No Brasil, a situação é preocupante, calcula-se a proporção disto quando renomado pesquisador da área afirma ?o Brasil encontra-se entre os vinte países com o maior índice de ocorrência de plágio e de redundância (autoplágio) o que foi constatado por meio de uma amostra de artigos publicados na PubMed entre 2008 e 2012?(8,p.1).Nas diretrizes do CNPq(6), considera-se plágio: ?...apresentação, como se fosse de sua autoria, de resultados ou conclusões anteriormente obtidos por outro autor, bem como de textos integrais ou de parte substancial de textos alheios sem os cuidados detalhados nas Diretrizes.?Em consonância com estes movimentos, a Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos (ABEC) promove eventos e lança textos de pesquisadores renomados no intuito de manter constante debate sobre a qualidade e consolidação das publicações/periódicos editados no país, seguindo os padrões internacionais de editoração e ética.Por fim, as más condutas na pesquisa são assunto de interesse das revistas científicas, que devem implantar mecanismos que permitam identificar e desestimular as práticas fraudulentas na pesquisa e estimular sua integridade.Movida por este desejo, a Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde institui, neste ano de 2015, uma política de submissão/avaliação dos manuscritos que envolverá, além da inclusão de dois documentos obrigatórios, o parecer de aprovação do projeto em comitê de ética em pesquisa com seres humanos ou com animais e a declaração de autoria, autilização de programa antiplágio em todos os manuscritos submetidos para análise, e com isso, almeja educar autores e proliferar a ideia de que os artigos publicados estão em consonância com a ética e integridade mundiais.

The Brazilian Journal in Health Promotion, compelled by the need of a culture which encourages integrity in research, wants to emphasize its concern, not only with the content of its publications, but also with the ethical aspects involving the submission and publication of manuscripts. By doing so, it intends to raise the discussion of best practices in scientific research, highlighting the importance of such reinforcement since the early stages of the researchers? career.Bad ethical conducts occur as a result of growing demands of intellectual production and, consequently, the pressure upon researchers affiliated to graduate programs that use the indicators, mainly the international ones(1). The proliferation of such unethical conducts is also influenced by the existing ?reward system?, in which the researcher is evaluated for its productivity.The first global event on integrity in research took place in 2007 in Lisbon(2) and sought to sensitize the scientific community and editors to the importance of promoting responsible conduct in research. In 2010, the second world conference was held in Singapore(3). From that conference emerged the ?Singapore Statement on integrity in research?, bringing as integrity principles: honesty, responsibility, respect and professional impartiality, and good research management(3). In 2013, the third edition took place in Montreal, having as big thematic line the investigations that cross boundaries and the international partnerships(4).Following the example of those international movements, Brazil was also mobilized. This concern, however, is recent, and took shape after series of publications on this subject prepared by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)(5) and the publication of the Report of the Research Integrity Committee of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)(6).In parallel to those publications, two important events took place in the years 2011 and 2012 in Brazil, which addressed actions for the promotion of scientific integrity, guiding researchers and Brazilian institutions, the I and II BRISPE (Brazilian Meeting on Research Integrity, Science and Publication Ethics)(7). In 2015, Brazil will host the ?4th Annual Conference on Research Integrity? (4thWorld Conference on Research Integrity) in Rio de Janeiro, that will explore the?excellence in scientific research in its different systems?.In addition to these national movements, we highlight the importance of having scientific journals discuss their editorial policies with the scientific community, thus exercising the role of educator regarding the good practices in research and preventing misconducts, such as plagiarism, self-plagiarism, fraud, improper authorship, among others.Among those, plagiarism is gaining prominence on the international scene because of the increasing number of reports of such misconduct. In Brazil, the situation is worrying, being its proportion pointed out by renowned researcher in the , when stated that ?Brazil is among the twenty countries with the highest plagiarism and redundancy (self-plagiarism) occurrence index, which was evidenced by means of a sample of articles published in PubMed between 2008 and 2012? (8,p.1).In the guidelines of CNPq(6), it is considered plagiarism:?... presentation, as if it were of your ownauthorship, results or conclusions previously reached by another author, as well as full texts or a substantial part of foreign texts without the concerns that are detailed in the Guidelines.?In line with these movements, the Brazilian Association of Scientific Editors (ABEC - Associação Brasileira de Editores Científicos) promotes events and releases texts of renowned researchers in order to maintain constant debate about the quality and consolidation of publications/journals in the country, following the international standards of publishing and ethics.Ultimately, misconducts in research are subject of interest of the scientific journals, which must implement mechanisms to identify and discourage fraudulent practices in research and stimulate their integrity.Motivated by such desire, the Brazilian Journal of Health Promotion establishes, in 2015, a policy of manuscripts submission/evaluation that will involve, in addition to the inclusion of two mandatory documents, namely the project approval opinion by the ethics committee for research involving humans or animals, and the written statement of authorship, the use of antiplagiarism program in all manuscripts submitted for analysis, and thus, aims to educate authors and proliferate the idea that the published articles are in line with global ethics and integrity.

Avaliação neurofuncional em pacientes com hanseníase / Neurofunctional evaluation in patients affected by leprosy / Evaluación neurofuncional de pacientes con hanseniasis

Investigar as alterações neurofuncionais apresentadas pelos pacientes com hanseníase, buscando também identificar seu perfil socioeconômico e clínico. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 51 pacientes adultos diagnosticados com hanseníase, independentemente do sexo, realizado em centro de referência, em 2010, no qual se aplicou a ficha de ?avaliação neurológica simplificada? e um questionário (dados socioeconômicos e clínicos). Achados apresentados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Encontrou-se média de idade de 46,4 ± 14,9 anos, 32 (62,7%) pacientes do sexo masculino, 32 (62,7%) com ensino fundamental incompleto e 37 (72,5%) com renda familiar de 1 a 3 salários mínimos. O tempo médio em tratamento era de 14,4 ± 15,63 meses. Dominou a hanseníase do tipo multibacilar (n=18/35,3%) e a forma tuberculoide (n=11/21,6%). Articulações interfalangeanas em membros superiores e inferiores comprometidas em 5 (9,8%) e 6 (11,7%) pacientes, respectivamente. Nervos mais acometidos: tibial posterior em 19 (37,3%), ulnar em 17 (33,3%) e fibular comum em 13 (25,5%) pacientes. Músculos com déficits: extensor do hálux (n=8/15,7%), extensor dos artelhos (n=6/11,8%) e abdutor do 5º dedo (n=6;11,8%). Observou-se que 35 (68,6%) pacientes tinham alterações sensitivas em membros inferiores e 14 (27,5%) apresentavam incapacidade funcional grau 1. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com hanseníase como sendo homens, de baixa escolaridade e renda, com classificação operacional multibacilar apresentando a forma clínica tuberculoide. Na avaliação neurofuncional, houve maior ocorrência de alteraçõessensitivas sobre as motoras, como também discreta presença de deformidades e elevado grau de incapacidade funcional...

To investigate neurofunctional alterations in patients affected by leprosy, also searching to identify their socioeconomic and clinical profile. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 51 adult patients diagnosed with leprosy, regardless of gender, conducted in a reference center in 2010, in which the simplified neurofunctional evaluation form and a questionnaire (socioeconomic and clinical data) were applied. Findings were presented in a descriptive approach. Results: The study found a mean age of 46.4 ± 14.9 years, 32 (62.7%) patients of male sex, 32 (62.7%) with incomplete elementary school and 37 (72.5%) with family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages. The mean time of treatment was 14.4 ± 15.63 months. The multibacillary type of leprosy predominated (n=18/35.3%) with tuberculoid form (n=11/21.6%). The interphalangeal joints of upper and lower limbs were compromised in 5 (9.8%) and 6 (11.7%) patients, respectively. The most affected nerves were the posterior tibial in 19 (37.3%), the ulnar in 17 (33.3%), and the common fibular in 13 (25.5%) patients. The muscles with deficit were the extensor hallucis (n=8/15.7%), the toe extensors (n=6/11.8%) and the 5º finger abductor (n=6/11.8%). It was observed that 35 patients (68.6%) presented sensitive alterations in lower limbs and 14 (27.5%) presented functional incapacity degree 1. Conclusion: The study highlighted the socioeconomic profile of leprosy patients as men, low educational level and income, with multibacillary operational classification showing tuberculoid clinical form. In the neurofunctional assessment, there were sensory changes with higher incidence than the motor alterations, as well as discreet presence of deformities and high degree of functional disability...

Investigar las alteraciones neurofuncionales presentadas por los pacientes con hanseniasis e identificar su perfil socioeconómico y clínico. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 51 pacientes adultos con el diagnóstico de hanseniasis independiente del sexo realizado en un centro de referencia em el 2010 en el cual se aplico la ficha de?evaluación neurológica simplificada? y un cuestionario (datos socioeconómicos y clínicos). Los hallazgos fueron presentados de forma descriptiva. Resultados: Se encontró una media de edad de 46,4 ± 14,9 años, 32 (62,7%) pacientes del sexo masculino, 32 (62,7%) con enseñanza fundamental incompleta y 37 (72,5%) con renta familiar de 1 a 3 ingresos mínimos. El tiempo medio de tratamiento fue de 14,4 ± 15,63 meses. Hubo predominio de la hanseniasis del tipo multibacilar (n=18/35,3%) y la forma tuberculoide (n=11/21,6%). Las articulaciones interfalángicas en los miembrossuperiores e inferiores estaban comprometidas en 5 (9,8%) y 6 (11,7%) pacientes, respectivamente. Los nervios más acometidos: tibial posterior en 19 (37,3%), cubital en 17 (33,3%) y fibular común en 13 (25,5%) pacientes. Los muslos con déficits: extensordel halux (n=8/15,7%), extensor de los artellos (n=6/11,8%) y El abductor del 5º dedo (n=6;11,8%). Se observó que 35 (68,6%) tenían alteraciones sensitivas en los miembros inferiores y 14 (27,5%) presentaban incapacidad funcional de grado 1. Conclusión: El estudio evidencio el perfil socioeconómico de los pacientes con hanseniasis de hombres, con baja escolaridad y renta, de clasificación operacional multibacilar presentando la forma clínica tuberculoide. En la evaluación neurofuncional hubo más ocurrencia de alteraciones sensitivas que motoras y también discreta presencia de deformidades y elevado grado de incapacidad funcional...

Ocorrência de dor na coluna vertebral e sua relação com a qualidade de vida de manicures e pedicures / Occurrence of spinal column pain and its relation to the quality of life of manicures and pedicures / Ocurrencia de dolor de espalda y su relación con la calidad de vida de manicuras y pedicuras

Analisar em manicures e pedicures a ocorrência de dor na coluna vertebral e verificar sua relação com a qualidade de vida. Métodos: Realizou-se, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2010, uma pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo transversal e descritiva, envolvendo 30 profissionais entre 18 e 45 anos com, no mínimo, um ano de profissão. Após seleção, aplicaram-se dois questionários: o SF-36 e outro, elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, com questões referentes à atividade ocupacional (jornada e tempo de serviço), presença de dor e suas características (local, tipo, frequência e intensidade). Resultados: Das 30 participantes, 76,7% (n=23) relataram dor, sendo 63,3% (n=19) na coluna lombar e 46,7% (n=14) do tipo crônica (com duração há mais de 6 meses). Relatou-se frequência de dor diária em 36,7% (n=11), com média de intensidade de 6,1±2,24. A idade e o tempo de serviço apresentaram-se maior no grupo com dor, com 34,2±6,80 e 12,3±6,39 anos, respectivamente. Na qualidade de vida do grupo sem dor, os domínios ?capacidade funcional?, ?dor? e ?estado geral de saúde? obtiveram maiores pontuações em relação ao grupo com dor (p<0,05). Conclusão: Detectou-se elevada presença de dor na coluna vertebral das manicures e pedicures avaliadas, principalmente na região lombar, levando a limitações funcionais e, consequentemente, ao comprometimento na qualidade de vida...

To analyze the occurrence of spine column pain in manicures/pedicures and verify its relationship with quality of life. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive crosssectional research conducted from February to June 2010 with 30 professionals aged between 18 and 45 years and with at least one year of work experience. After selection, two questionnaires were applied: the SF-36 and another developed by the researchers with questions related to occupation (working hours and length of service), occurrence of pain and its characteristics (location, type, frequency and intensity). Results: Of the 30 participants, 76.7% (n=23) reported pain, with 63.3% (n=19) occurrence in the lumbar spine and 46.7% (n=14) occurrence of chronic type (lasting more than 6 months). A total of 36.7% (n=11) of interviewees reported daily pain with an average intensity of 6.1+2.24. Age and length of service rates were higher in the group of people who felt pain (34.2+6.80 and 12.3+6.39 years respectively). Regarding the quality of life in the group of people who did not feel pain, the domains ?functional capacity?, ?pain? and ?general health status? had higher scores when compared to the group of people who felt pain (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was detected a high occurrence of spinal column pain among manicures / pedicures, especially in the lumbar spine, leading to functional limitations, and a consequent change in quality of life...

Analizar la ocurrencia de dolor de espalda en manicuras y pedicuras y verificar su relación con la calidad de vida. Métodos: Una investigación cualitativa se realizó en el período entre febrero y junio de 2010, del tipo trasversal y descriptiva involucrando 30 profesionales entre los 18 y 45 años con un mínimo de un año de profesión. Después de la selección fueron aplicados dos cuestionarios: el SF-36 y otro elaborado por las investigadoras con preguntas sobre la actividad ocupacional (jornada y tiempo de servicio), presencia de dolor y sus características (local, tipo, frecuencia e intensidad). Resultados: De las 30 participantes, el 76,7% (n=23) relataron dolor, siendo el 63,3% (n=19) en La lumbar y el 46,7% (n=14) del tipo crónica (con duración de más de seis meses). Se relató la frecuencia de dolor diaria enel 36,7% (n=11) con media de intensidad de 6,1±2,24. La edad y el tiempo de servicio se presentaron mayores en el grupo com dolor con 34,2±6,80 e 12,3±6,39 años, respectivamente. Respecto la calidad de vida del grupo sin dolor, los dominios ?capacidad funcional?, ?dolor? y ?estado general de salud? obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en relación al grupo con dolor (p<0,05). Conclusión: Se detectó elevada presencia de dolor de espalda de las manicuras y pedicuras evaluadas, principalmente en La lumbar, llevando a limitaciones funcionales y, en consecuencia, AL comprometimiento de la calidad de vida...

Gastroprotective potential of frutalin, a D-galactose binding lectin, against ethanol-induced gastric lesions.

The present study was designed to verify whether frutalin (FTL) affords gastroprotection against the ethanol-induced gastric damage and to examine the underlying mechanism(s). Gastric damage was induced by intragastric administration of 0.2 ml of ethanol (96%). Mice in groups were pretreated with FTL (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; i.p.), cimetidine (100 mg/kg; p.o.), or vehicle (0.9% of NaCl, 10 mL/kg; p.o.), 30 min before ethanol administration. They were sacrificed 30 min later, the stomachs excised, and the mucosal lesion area (mm²) measured by planimetry. Gastroprotection was assessed in relation to inhibition of gastric lesion area. To study the gastroprotective mechanism(s), its relations to capsaicin-sensitive fibers, endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide, sulphydryls, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adrenoceptors, opioid receptors and calcium channels were analyzed. Treatments effects on ethanol-associated oxidative stress markers GSH and MDA were measured in gastric tissue. FTL afforded a dose-unrelated gastroprotection against the ethanol damage. However, it failed to prevent the ethanol-induced changes in the levels of GSH and MDA. It was observed that the gastroprotection by FTL was greatly reduced in animals pretreated with capsazepine, indomethacin, L-NAME or glibenclamide. Considering the results, it is suggested that the FTL could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer.